The communities in the Bosomtwe basin depend on Lake Bosomtwe for their livelihoods. However, the lake has continued to experience human-driven degradation in recent times, partly attributed to lack of understanding of the communities’ perception of the environment. This situation challenges policies and management strategies aimed for conservation of the lake. We conducted a survey of the main anthropogenic perturbations of the lake, the level of awareness of the communities of anthropogenic interventions and their effects on lake health, and the effectiveness of its management practices using a structured questionnaire administered to 350 respondents. Data were analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U-tests. Crop farming, fishing, fish mongering, animal rearing, timber harvesting, hospitality operations, washing, other trades, and illegal mining were the anthropogenic interventions of the most devastating consequence, promoted by a low level of education and environmental awareness. Although the regards for directives of the traditional authority to govern the lake declined subtly, the situation is worsening due to inadequate resources for the Bosomtwe District Assembly, the government agency responsible for coordinating the activities of stakeholders of the lake and providing an effective decision-making basis for its conservation. The results, which have direct practical implications for water management, suggest the need for well- coordinated policies and strategies for law enforcement and education of basin communities on the causes and effects of lake degradation.

The transition to the exploitation of renewable energies has become an essential objective for the Algerian government. Algeria must consider switching to the green economy which is the solution to meet future energy needs and at the same time reduce the risks related to the environment. Filamentous fungi synthesize a variety of hydrolytic enzymes. Several species are used for the production of industrially important enzymes, such as different proteases and carbohydrase. Forty fungal isolated from rich soil in organic matter were studied for their ability to produce amylases, proteases, and keratinase. The strains where organized on the basis of their hydrolytic potential of starch, casein and chicken feathers. The isolates strains presented enzymatic activity, which was ranked as follows: amylolytic activity (42 %), proteolytic (33 %) and keratinolytic with (25 %). Some selected strains that produce high levels of enzymes (amylase, protease and keratinase) grown in submerged fermentation (SmF) and were quantitatively evaluated. For amylase, maximum enzyme activity (44.67 IU/ml) was found in Aspergillus sp strain BAS2. Penicillium sp strain Bpn3 showed protease activity of 3.80 IU/ml, then Penicillium sp strain BAS3 showed greater production of keratinase (2.18 IU/ml).

Agriculture is the bravado of most developing countries like Nigeria; thus, it is the key point for the existence of those living in the country. This is study is aimed at the effect of long-term tillage practice and cropping on physicochemical properties of soils in Southern guinea savannah area of Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from a continuously cropped rice field using the random uniform grid method at depths between 0 - 15 cm, 15 – 25 cm, 25 - 50 cm and 50 – 75 cm. Samples were collected in five replicates, mixed and homogenized. Soil samples collected at the 0 - 15 cm, 25 - 50 cm depth were Sandy clay loam while those of 15 - 25 cm and 50 - 75 cm depths are sandy clay and sandy loam. The soil hydraulic conductivity for the zone of 25 to 50 cm had values ranging between 0.23 and 1.51 cm/hr. while the fourth zone considered had values ranging between 0.49 and 0.77 cm/hr. It was concluded that the farmers should conduct physical and chemical analysis of the soils they wish to carryout farming activities to decide the type of fertilizer to be used.

The hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts obtained from aerial parts of Brownea grandiceps Jacq (Fabaceae) were studied to determine the antioxidant and tick control activity. The qualitative chemical composition showed the presence of sterols in hexane and dichloromethane extracts of leaves while in methanol extract were observed alkaloids, sterols, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. Furthermore, hexane extract of stems revealed the presence of terpenes; dichloromethane extract showed sterols whereas methanol extract exhibited the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. On the other hand, phenolic compounds were observed in methanol extract of leaves and stems of this species with values of 0.888 and 0.886 µg GAE/mg of extract, respectively. Regarding the scavenging capacity measured the by DPPH method, methanol extracts of leaves and stems showed the highest value at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL with percentages of inhibition (% I) of 89.2 and 88.9 respectively. However, a much lower activity was observed with hexane extract of the leaves with a % I of 20.1 at the same concentration. Regarding inverse of effective concentration assay, methanol extract of leaves and stems showed values of 10.0 and 7.14 mL/mg. In addition, methanol extracts of leaves and stems of B. grandiceps did not show activity on the larvae of Riphicephalus microplus.

The heavy metal concentrations of a rural multipurpose stream in South-east Nigeria were evaluated between May 2021 and October 2021 in 3 stations. The non-carcinogenic health risk assessment was used to check the water’s suitability for human consumption, swimming and wadding. Eight heavy metals were assessed using standard methods and the Nigerian Drinking Water Quality Standard was used as standard. The concentrations were zinc (0.07 - 0.52 mg/l), copper (0.04 – 0.19 mg/l), manganese (0.04 - 0.31 mg/l), lead (0.01 - 0.09 mg/l), nickel (0.01 - 0.05 mg/l), chromium (0.02 - 0.11 mg/l), iron (0.10 and 0.91 mg/l) and cadmium (0.01 and 0.07 mg/l). Some metals (manganese, lead, iron, cadmium, nickel and chromium) exceeded acceptable limits. The hazard indices (HI) for oral exposure was 3.34 – 3.96 (adult) and 4.29 – 5.69 (children) while for dermal exposure, it was 0.96 – 1.10 (Adult) and 0.93 – 1.17 (children). The HI values were higher than 1 except for HIdermal (adult and children) in station 3. The heavy metal concentrations and health risk assessment has shown that the water from this multipurpose rural stream was not fit for human consumption, swimming or wadding. This conclusion was based on the high concentrations of manganese, lead, iron, cadmium, nickel and chromium, which exceeded limits but cadmium was responsible for the adverse health risk observed. The children were more susceptible. The health risk involved in consuming water from this stream was high in all the stations and should be discouraged. On the other hand, there was a moderate health risk for swimming and wadding in stations 1 and 2 and none in station 3 which was considered negligible. Geogenic influence was a major factor but was influenced by season and anthropogenic activities (especially agriculture) in the stream.

This study is conducted to make a commercial suspension in Algeria in replacement to the harmful and expensive insecticide several morphological and biochemical features were done to identify Bacillus sphaericus in the commercial suspension of Solvay & Cie (Brussels). It was found negative in most of the following tests Voges Proskauer, mannitol mobility, Amidon hydrolysis, conversion of glucose and galactose to acids, and respiratory type. It was also able to grow at 65°C and it was resistant to Streptomycin, bacitracin, and susceptible tonchomycin. Five recultivation from one culture to a new medium showed a loss of toxicity (23 times) to L1 and L2. Culex pipiens pipiens. In the course of three months of storage, for the stock solutions kept at +4 and at -18 °C, the poisonous potential of B. sphaericus, which was grown only once on MBS-tryptose from the commercial suspension, changes between 80 and 123 times. When compared to an emulsion frozen in glycerin, the toxicity of B. sphaericus held at +4 °C is often found to be more stable, especially over the last two weeks. In comparison to the larvicidal activity of the solution held at +4 °C, between the second and the twelfth week, the resistance of the solution stored at -18 °C has deteriorated over a two-week period by a factor of 2.5 to 6. B. sphaericus was only once grown on MBS-tryptose from the commercial suspension and has a variable toxic potential each toxicity test was repeated 3 times with controlled experiments. These experiments were executed in 2015 at Annaba university applied neuroendocrinology laboratory. These series of experiments were executed in 2015 at Annaba university labs. basically to study the effectiveness of B. sphaericus bacteria after the recultivation and the influence of the conservation of it under two temperatures +4 °C and -18 °C to counter Culex pipiens pipiens.

Mobile devices have recently acquired new values (after 2015), being integrated into almost all areas of activity. Environmental protection activities are no exception to this rule. As such, in this paper, we aim to see to what extent mobile devices can assist in the field of soil monitoring and protection. Thus, starting from the consultation of the specialized literature (from the last 10 years), we set out to identify the aspects aimed at monitoring and protecting the soils that mobile devices can integrate through the components, functionalities, and internal sensors they have. We also set out to explore the functionalities that application development platforms attribute to mobile applications. Research results have shown that there is a well-defined set of components, features, and sensors that can be integrated into mobile device-specific applications to assist in soil monitoring and protection activities. Consequently, mobile devices can be seen and used as a means of acquiring, storing, and disseminating data, information, and knowledge on the environmental factor of the soil, sustainable land use, and the practice of systematic farming.

The harmful human acts in recent years have caused serious reactions on the ecosystem. It has caused serious implications on the three crucial components of the ecosystem i.e. soil, air and water. The rapid industrialization has led to release of harmful effluents in the ecosystem. The release of harmful industrial pollutants in air, water and soil is causing climate change and studies depict that there is a steep global rise in temperature of one degree Celsius. Various efforts around the globe are made to handle this critical situation of ecosystem damage. Artificial intelligence or machine learning is one such modern-day tool, which is proving to be an effective means to handle the current critical crisis on ecosystem health. In this investigation, it is being studied whether artificial intelligence is proving to be effective in combating ecosystem damage. The conclusion of the study reveals that artificial intelligence or machine learning is proving to be quite effective in restoring global ecosystem health.